Scandinavia+(Milica)

 United Empire Loyalists + French Candiens = Canada **The Effects of the American Revolution on Canada ** Milica Ugljesic Canada's culture is in many ways a by-product of the American Revolution, when the victory of the Thirteen Colonies in 1783 led to the massive influx of United Empire Loyalist settlers to British North America (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, and Quebec). These citizens that had remained loyal to the Crown brought with them a deep distrust and dislike of the United States and its political system and expectations for representative government that gave new strength to the demands made earlier by British merchants. This formed the nucleus of what would later become Canada. Though called the “American Revolution,” it also affected what we now call Canada, and made it what it is today.

ECONOMY Controlled by the British, linked with England and New England ART British figures on Canadian money TECHNOLOGY Railway trains across Canada POLITICS Representative government > Responsible government > Cabinet government The Durham Report Split into two co-operating governments Two nations under one rule Multiculturalism is born <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">IDEOLOGY <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Enlightenment <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">English loyalist vs. French Canadians <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">English loyalist vs. America <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">English have more power than French <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">ENVIRONMENT <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The division of the two colonies <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">East – French ; West – English <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Lower Quebec – French ; Upper Quebec – English <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">SOCIETY <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Two separate colonies <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">English loyalists and French Canadians <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The colonial maritimes people, who's economies were completely linked with England and New England, were content with their government. However, this was no the case in Upper and Lower Canada. __Guy Carleton__, an Irish-British soldier and administrator, saw that changes would have to be made to satisfy the Loyalists. However, the British did not wish to give the colonies too much power. They were afriad that the same thing would happen <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">It was soon realized that a new constitution would be needed. The __Constitutional Act,__ passed in 1971, divided the two colonies (against Carleton's wishes). It also gave both colonies “their own government,” which in fact was run by small groups of English-speaking business people and landowners who passed laws that benefited their own class. This group was ignorant of the members of the lower classes of the colonies. This attitude would cause widespread rebellion in the 1830s, called the __Rebellions of 1837__. A key shared goal was the allowance of __responsible government__, which was eventually achieved in the incident's aftermath.

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Lord Durham Guy Carleton United Empire Loyalists

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> Lower and Upper Canada

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">After the Rebellions, the earl of __Durham__ was appointed governor general to investigate the colonial grievances. A known reformer, his Report on the Affairs of British North America recommended:
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A union of Upper and Lower Canada.
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Responsible government, dominated by the English inhabitants of the Canada.
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Colonial control of internal affairs (but in a very limited sense).
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Assimilation of the French-speaking population.
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The report also made recommendations on a range of issues such as settlement and land grants.

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">In 1840, the Act of Union was passed to weaken the power of French Canadian parties. Its effect was the opposite: no government could be formed without the support of one of the French Canadian parties. As a result, it was not long before the English-only requirement for the Assembly was revoked, and a system of dual-premiership evolved. As the alliances were sometimes unlikely, and issues often rose to break them, governments did not last long. Ultimately, this began to shake the confidence of people in the union of the provinces. Responsible government was thought impossible by preceding leaders, and cabinet government was introduced. Throughout history, we see a tension between the British Loyalists and the French and the fight to independence. Canada is the first nation to have successfully had two nations under one rule.The American Revolution brought wtih the British Lyalists a distrust of the Americans and a demand for control of government,