Spain+-+(effects+on+Canada)


 * THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION - EFFECTS ON CANADA **

In the aftershock of the American Revolution, many nations became enlightened about revolutionary ideas that originated from John Locke, a philosophe of the Enlightenment times, and began to rebel against traditional routines, as seen in the French Revolution to overthrow the monarch and establish civilian influence in the government. Canada, however, was different. In the Quebec Act of 1774, another kind of revolutionary idea was introduced by governor Guy Carleton when he insisted that former New France colonists and their French customs could coexist peacefully with the British government and its people. This was the first time in the world that two cultures were governed under one nation's rule.The French were granted land and the French civil law was employed in those regions. They were content under the government in British North America, and stayed relatively static throughout the American Revolution. However, the British settlers in Canada were dynamically advancing because of the American Revolution, the Loyalist immigrations that resulted from American victory, the War of 1812 that instilled loyalty in British-Canadians, and the establishments made by the British government in Upper Canada and the city of York--and thus, British influence in Canada became even more apparent.

- Following the Treaty of Paris and the American victory, Loyalists in America fled to Canada or back to England. Those that took refuge in Canada were so numerous that colonies such as Nova Scotia and Newfoundland began to expand and develop, and new colonies such as New Brunswick were established. - However, in Quebec, Loyalists from America, called United Empire Loyalists, were not accepting of the French-speaking civilians whose mother country had allied with the Americans during the Revolutionary War. The Constitutional Act was ratified by the British governor in 1791, and Quebec was bisected into the French-speaking, Catholic Lower Canada and the English-speaking, Protestant Upper Canada. Both Upper and Lower Canada had their own government, councils, and assemblies under the British government. These two colonies would later develop into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. //= Establishment of two major Canadian provinces // //= First self-government system in Canada //
 * Loyalists and the Constitutional Act **

- With America in debt because of the Revolutionary War and the absence of trade with Britain, and the British cautious of America�s increasing population and power, the War of 1812 began. The American army invaded Britain�s colony, Upper Canada, but were defeated in Detroit by General Brock and the Shawnee chief Tecumseh, who had created an alliance in defence of their land. The Americans continued to attempt to invade both Lower and Upper Canada, but Tecumseh, other Native chiefs, and British generals were generally successful in defending their land. The Loyalists who had fought for Britain against America would pass the loyalty even to the British-Canadian alliance of World War I and World War II, create the Commonwealth that Canada became, and establish the Queen of England as Canada�s head of state even in democratic independance. //= In fighting alongside the British against American, Loyalist-Britaish alliance was reinforced (alliance that Canada continued and an alliance that defined Canada's early development) // 
 * The War of 1812 **

- As a result of the flood of Loyalist immigrants from America, British Upper Canada began to develop rapidly. J.G. Simcoe was the first governor of Upper Canada, and he ensured that Upper Canada, particularly York, stringently followed British customs and adopted the British Law, as well as ensuring the influence of the Anglican Church. The concept of settlement rather than colonization and �turning the entire world British� had been Britain�s idealogy even when founding New England and during the Seven Years� War. In developing Upper Canada, however, settlement was vital to the security of Britain�s colony against America rather than the business ethic that had supported settlement in the institution of New England, and the civilians in Upper Canada were not opposed to British rule unlike colonists in New England. Due to increasing urbanization and introduction of infrastructure and education, Simcoe helped abolish slavery in Upper Canada before any other colony in British colony�very unlike New England, at that time the American South. The advancement in Upper Canada foreshadowed the efficacious business center the capital of Toronto would become, and in general, how different Canada would be from Britain's former colonies-- this time, Britain would have control. //= Abolition of slavery // //= Urbanization and advancement for Upper Canada (roads) // //<span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">= British Law, Anglican Church, schoolhouses teaching English //
 * <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">The Development of Upper Canada **

<span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Because of the American Revolution, Canada became more defined and advanced toward further development. The Loyalists that fled America allowed for the Constitutional Act to pass, thus creating the provinces of Ontario and Quebec while still maintaining multiculturalism in Canada, as it is today. The British Loyalists in Upper Canada began to urbanize and stabilize under British influence to avoid loss of land to the Americans. Loyalists fighting in the War of 1812 which resulted from the political, social, and economical conflict between America and Britain before and during the American Revolution secured Canada�s loyalty to Britain in the years to come. The American Revolution's victory went to the colonists in the Treaty of Paris, but because of the American Revolution, Britain was able to grasp and influence Canada instead.

<span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">References: <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">[] <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">[] <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">[] <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">[] <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">[] <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">[] <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">[] <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">[] <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">[] <span style="color: #176dcf; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">__Crossroads, A Meeting of Nations__ - Cranny, Michael