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__** THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION **__BY RUSSIA~ :)

**  This page is created by Heidi Tong ( #0BBC0B ), Vivian Jiang (#AB1407), Cherice Leung ( #092095) and Benita Yi ( #E47b0C). Below is our opinion of the American Revolution: A) of the causes leading up to the revolution, B) the reasons why the colonies won the war and C) the effects of the American Revolution on Canada and United States. If you have any comments, we would appreciate if you put a comment on the Discussion Page. Thanks for your cooperation and we hope you enjoy our story of the revolution. Please, sit back, read, and enjoy! (: ** **-Team Russia-**

The United States of America is known for their economic strength, military power, freedom and pride. They are  among one of the most powerful and wealthiest countries in the world. Its influence is beyond imaginable, and in fact, the entire globe's economy is largely influenced by America. The question is, how did this great nation come to be? The American Revolution, with its brutal wars and battles for independence , brings us back to where it all began. The colonists' courage to advance into an independent nation who thought differently from the rest of the world, created this extraordinary happening. In the following, the history of the American Revolution is explained and deciphered, showing what led to the revolution, how the colonists obtained their victory, and what exactly is its legacy and impact. Not only is this revolution a turning point in history, it defines the America we see today as well as greatly impacting the rest of the world. = =

__** A) What caused the American Revolution? How did it begin? **__ Due to the large amount of money used in previous wars (French and Indian Wars), England was now in debt. They needed a way to pay for all the expenses, and their only solution was to tax the colonists. That was taxation without representation. Now, the colonists had never been taxed before, leading to large amounts of rioting and boycotting British items. The taxes created by the British were followed by many important events in the American Revolution. - The Boston tea party occurred due to the taxing of tea. This was when several members of the Sons of Liberty started dumping tea from English ships into the harbor. They were dressed as Indians and making fools out of themselves. Their goal was to create reactions in the people and show the British exactly what they thought about the new taxation. This made the British even more furious then before. - The Stamp Act Congress; right after, the Stamp Act, again another form of taxing by the British due to large debt. Any merchandise  that contained a stamp on it was taxed. The congress was caused by too much boycotting and protesting among the colonists, pressuring the British to call for a repeal.
 * Economical Causes **
 * For instance: **

- The creation of the Sons of Liberty; a secret society , who used violence against anyone who supported the King and the British, using methods such as tarring and feathering. They were the main force of the American Revolution because their works was use to basically threaten the British to give them the independence they wanted, and was also a fear tactic that made many colonists come to the radical revolutionist's side and go against the British. Their motto “Join or Die” was used to fear and inspire colonists at the same time, showing the A mericans that they must join them and that if they do, America could become an independent and powerful country.



- The beginning of the First Continental Congress (1774); the congress was formed only to end the Intolerable Acts, which were only made due to the Boston Tea Party. The Intolerable Acts were when the British decided to close down the Boston Harbor until the tea wasted during the Boston Tea Party was paid for. The First Continental Congress was the first form of political organization the colonists created. It would lead to further developments until it became a new government entirely.

The economic state of Britain was what led to the British angering the colonists. All the taxes and rules made the colonists feel like they had no say in anything. With that feeling of having no say, they felt like they had no rights, freedom, and liberty. They wanted to be heard, and the only way to do so was to fight.

The American Revolution began because the Americans didn‘t feel like a part of Britain. Why did they feel that way? Politics. <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">They wanted some say in the government. In order to keep peace and develop trade and business between the Natives and the French, the British created a new act, the Proclamation Act of 1763. This was a document that made sure no English colonist would settle in the west of the Appalachian mountains. Meanwhile, the Ohio Valley was given to the Natives and French. <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">T he whole point of all those years of war was for the Ohio Valley, and now that the British had decided to give it up. The colonists felt like <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">they had wasted troops and money during the war for nothing. Now both the colonists and the British were angry at the king, their ruler.
 * Political Causes **

At the same time, the idea of a republic government was introduced to the colonists. Compared to the monarchy of Britain, which the Americans had no say in, a republic was a wonderful idea. They wanted to have political influence, but that was hard, being across the sea. Their only solution was to form their own government and their own country. Their lack of involvement in the British government was what led the Americans to form the independent country of America.

Before the American Revolution, ideas across the colonies were forming, spreading through different forms. People talked about these things. The ideas implanted into the minds of the Americans were what started the American Revolution.
 * Idealistic Causes **

One of the main forms of spreading ideas were the Sons of Liberty. They were formed by Puritans who wanted a free nation. They used propaganda to form ideas, exaggerating to get the people to listen and sympathize with them. An example could be the Boston “Massacre”. Though only five died, they took advantage of the deaths and used them to their advantage. Using both words and actions, the Sons of Liberty promoted freedom and liberty. These ideas appealed to the colonists in comparison to what they were used to following; “Fight for the King! The mother country!” The British encouraged imperialism and mercantilism. It was all for the benefit of Britain, but nothing for the interest of the colonists. It was easy to decide which side to take.

An influencing idea during the revolution was from the Enlightenment. Locke’s idea of a social contract interested many. He believed that though we should give our natural rights to the government, they should only keep them for our sake. If they misuse these rights, we have the right to overrule them. The colonists realized that they had no say whatsoever in the British government. They were not represented, so how could their voices be heard?

The colonists knew they needed to banish the traditional ideas of Imperialism and fight for themselves. In order to separate from the British and become independent, they would need to revolt. They would need to start the American Revolution.

All these causes contributed to one thing; convincingthe colonists to stand up and fight the British. In fact, all these causes were done by the British themselves. Had they not constantly used force instead of just plainly listening, the Americans would still be a part of them. The tension between the two groups eventually led to the split, and thus, theAmerican Revolution. = =
 * So what do these causes mean? **

**// Below Is A Timeline of the Important Causes of the American Revolution, //** **// Click to Download As Word Document. //**



__** Below is A Mind Map of the Causes of the American Revolution: **__

= = __**<span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">B) Why and how did the colonies win the war in the American Revolution? **__

<span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The colonies won the war against the British during the American Revolution for many reasons. However there are three main points which caused their victory; propaganda, Guerrilla warfare tactics, and inspiration in wanting to become its own new independent American Nation.

<span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">During the battle <span style="color: #3ac12f; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">with the British <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">, the colonists used the Sons of Liberty, known as an economical factor to inspire <span style="color: #0bbc0b; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">their people in order to <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> help them win. The Sons of Liberty used propaganda such as the Boston Tea Party, Boston “Massacre,” Declaration of Rights, and Tar <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ring <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">/Feathering tax collectors. When the British realized that they were in serious debt from previous wars, they taxed the colonists in order to gain money to pay for their debt. The colonists were very upset with this new law the Brits enforced, and since they had no say in the matter, they began to rebel. The Sons of Liberty, being a group of <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">radical revolutionists <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">, <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> used violence and exaggeration to create a force and inspiration for the colonists to go against the British and fight their independence. <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> They exaggerated many occurrences that took place between the colonists and the British <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">to make the English seem worse <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">than they already did <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> and <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> look bad, <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">so that it would increase the colonists' hunger for a revolution. <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> One of their ‘master pieces’ would include the Boston “Massacre", <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">which <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> concluded with only five colonists’ deaths, <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">yet <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">the Sons of Liberty <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> called it a "massacre" and convinced many other colonists to believe so <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. Not only did they do that, but they also tortured loyalists, <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">such as using tarring and feathering methods to humiliate and torment <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> the tax collectors. Tarring and feathering is a movement in which the Sons of Liberty poured tar on tax collectors and threw feathers at them so they look like chicken. This was a punishment used back long ago during the Middle Ages. They would do this because they wanted to send Britain a message that it was unfair to tax them. The Boston Tea Party is another example of the colonists being upset with the Brits. After the Stamp Act Congress, the tax on tea rose. <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Therefore, <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> the Sons of Liberty <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">jumped <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> on the <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">English's ship <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> and threw their <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">tea cargo <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">into the water as a signal <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">of their discontent about the taxes and the colonists' lack of representation in its implementation <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. This gained much attention and publicity, something the Sons of Liberty wanted, in order to <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">create a driving inspiration and <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">the will <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> for the colonists to fight <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> against the British. Those doings were only a couple of hints that the colonists wanted out from the British rule.
 * <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Economics: **

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<span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> militia <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> who fought for America fought <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">proudly <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> and had <span style="color: #0bbc0b; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">one <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">common <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> goal in mind; <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">to fight for their <span style="color: #0bbc0b; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">independence <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. They <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">began to fight <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> after hearing about the lives the Brits devastated, reading John Locke’s <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">philosophy <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> on how all men have rights, freedom, and liberty, and the Declaration blaming the King <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> for all the grievances caused. <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> The colonists wanted to become a new nation, it’s very own America <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> with an individual government. <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> They were greatly inspired, and so all who wanted to win and succeed in the revolution gathered together and worked as a team, <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">aiming towards the same dream and hope. <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Those who fought were the ones that agreed with Thomas Jefferson's and John Locke's <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ideas <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. John Locke, an Enlightenment thinker, wrote that ALL men (who were not slaves) have EQUAL rights, freedom, and liberty <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">under the law <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. However the colonists did not feel like they had enough rights, freedom, or liberty for that matter. Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Rights blamed all the problems that the British caused on the King. It was not necessarily only the King's fault, but he was the figurehead <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">and it was also much easier to blame and enforce the colonists' anger on only one person rather a whole group of people in the parliament. <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> By reading Jefferson's document, they started to feel that what the British were doing was wrong, and started to complain and revolt. Also, the document helped people realize that many of the rules and regulations that the king set were never approved with their consent before. <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Through these ideas, an inspirational force was made so that they fought with <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">all their heart and soul so that there was a greater chance they would succeed on becoming the United States of America.
 * Ideology: **
 * <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Technology: **

<span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The third reason why the colonists won was that they <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">had a militia instead of an orderly and disciplined army of soldiers which the British had, and so <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> they were very flexible with their battle techniques. By that, the colonists could fight in different types of fighting environments. They are known for being able to fight in the wilderness environment when the British were not used to it. They had rifles that were used to fight, <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">those weapons were used for hunting and had very good <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> accuracy, making it easier to shoot their targets. The colonists were very flexible with their formations in a battle, using ambushes, rampages, and sabotage. These tactics are called Guerrilla warfare. However, the British marched in straight lines and they did not <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">consider <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> the option of <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">breaking <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> formation. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> colonists had the advantage of being <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">adapted <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> to the land and<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> were flexible with their battle tactics. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Also, the fact that <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">what the colonists believed in was not corrupted <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> by the feudal traditions that were in place in Britain, <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">helped encourage <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> the honour in battle <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">and the <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> outcome of it. The British soldiers, trapped by tradition, did not target the enemies' general <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">s <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">, or <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">a <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">noble in feudal terms. On the other hand, the rebelling colonists believed in no such thing <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">as chivalry <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">and, with their accurate hunting rifles, <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">they <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">killed the British generals. The process to promote another one took a considerable amount of time and proved to be a great advantage for the flexible <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Americans.



<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Although, against the motherland, it seemed as if the colonies had no chance of winning the war. <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">T <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">he <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">seemingly major <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">difference <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">s <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> between <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Britain and the colonies gave the <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">colonists the <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> upper hand. <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> The colonies <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">were <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">given the strength and will to fight <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> by their pride and patriotic feelings for independence. While the British <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">were fighting for <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">a distant King. The colonists <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">used special ways of luring people onto the side, and used tactics that the British <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">thought was absurd, since it went against their tradition of feudalism and chivalry <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">. <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Thus, the British had underestimated their opponents <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, the colonists, which led to the victory of <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">the colonists <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">winning <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> the war for independence. <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Since they successfully have won the War of Independence, they reached their goal of becoming its very own nation, America. <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">"All political connection between them and ... Britain ... [was] totally dissolved and that [the colonies] ...had full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States [have a] right [to] do." (a quote from The Declaration of Independence)

= =
 * __<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">C) The Effects of the American Revolution on Canada and the United States of America __**


 * //<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">What influence did the Revolution have on America? //**[[image:flag_changed width="248" height="360" align="left"]]

//**<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">POLITICAL: THEY DIDN’T TRUST THEIR OWN GOVERNMENT **//

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The thirteen colonies of America followed the Articles of Confederation created by the Second Continental Congress, which caused division between the states. <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Unfortunately, <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> the government was too weak to solve or stop the conflicts, as any state had the power to reject, change, or propose a change in government. The government had no power to tax even though itwas dependent on <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> the people in order to get financial suppo rt <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">. Inflation also appeared in the market due to the lost regulations.

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The nationalists feared that the newly created nation would not be able to withstand an international war or the any internal conflicts, so they <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">found <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> a group called the “Federalists” and convinced Congress to call the Philadelphia Convention in 1787. There <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">they discussed about <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">the <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">problems in the United States of America that had appeared after gaining independence from Britain. Their purpose was to create change the Articles of Confederation, which had caused quite a large division between the states America. However, instead of fixing the <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> convention <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, some wanted to create a new government. What resulted from the Convention was the United States Constitution <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">. <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The new Constitution created a legislature, an executive branch led by the President and a judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court. All the political power was spread out and not given to one specific person.



<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">However, the Americans <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">did not fully trust the government <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, even though <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> the Constitution did give equal power to the respective states and the people and created a federal government. Everyone got what they wanted. Each person wanted power and wealth for themselves. The one who has all the money was the best. Fighting for power creates competition, which results to internal conflict within the county. Thus, the three colonies of America were not fully united as one whole country. They were being eaten from the inside out, <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">similar to <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> how Rome was attacked by many enemies, yet its strongest enemy was itself. The independence and separation from Britain was achieved, however, it would be a while before <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">America could actually become country with 'united' states <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">.

//**<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">IDEALISIM: EFFECT ON SLAVERY **// <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">With the new ideas of liberalism and freedom in place, people started to realize that slavery <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">didn't correspond with those ideas. <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> While there were still some people who supported the use of slaves, there were many who thought it was wrong, and so this started to cause a dispute between the anti-slavery and pro-slavery. Many people took slavery for granted <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">in the past, but through the revolution, they suddenly <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> realized that the <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">usage of slaves <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">should come to an end. People became aware about the growing problem of slaves, and thus began the movement against slavery.

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">With the start of the revolution, slavery began to be a problematic topic. <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">It also started the gradual uprising of feminism and the fairness <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> with women’s role in society. The new Constitution claimed that everyone was equal and had equal power <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, and <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> the Americans supported freedom and independence. It was ironic that they loved freedom and yet, the slaves had no rights. <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In fact, <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> slaves were not even considered human <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">at that time. <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Americans had two choices: either <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">to <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> defend slavery or just abolish the whole idea. The northern states, which did not contain many slaves, chose to stop slavery altogether. However, in the south where ninety percent of the population were slaves imported from Africa, the ties of slavery ran too deep. They tried to keep the slaves under a leash and attempted to justify the use of slaves.

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Americans started to question about the morality of slavery, and so the American Revolution <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">led <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> to the <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">minimization <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> of slavery. The African slaves were thought of as property owned by the Americans, and were not allowed to become American citizens. <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">It also created <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> the beginning of social racism, as Africans <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">were not treated as humans and was viewed upon as only slaves <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, while fair-skinned <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">men <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, who <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> were Caucasian, <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> held equal status.

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The belief of liberty, individual rights, and freedom are core values of the Americans <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">because of the American Revolution, <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> and so they inspired women and slaves for equality, freedom and independence as well.

//**<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">ECONOMIC: LARGE DEBT FROM WAR **//

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The war between England and the colonists could only be sustained with large amounts of <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">money <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, and <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> when <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> the American Revolution came to a close, there was still the problem of money. The Congress had borrowed money from France, and <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">so <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> the national and state government owed millions of cash. The Congress had also given billions of dollars of promissory notes to the Americans, who had given supplies to the revolutionary forces. The Americans believed that the new Constitution would create a new government, which would pay the debts back. The problem was that the Congress had no money to give to the Americans. They were in debt, having used up the money for the revolutionary wars. Moreover, the government had no taxing power <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">even though they needed to gain money from the states. <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Inflation also arose, and the country was in a terrible situation.

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Since the Americans had separated themselves from Britain, they were no longer part of the complex British mercantile system. This meant that important exports such as tobacco <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, indigo and rice were lost. <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> In the south, this change forced the planters to change jobs to cotton production. Both the large debt from the war and the loss of key exports caused inflation within the market.

//**<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">What Effects did the American Revolution have on **//**//<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Canada //****//<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> and its history? //**

<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**A GEOGRAPHICAL EFFECT ON CANADA:** <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The American Revolution began to create the territories and provinces which make up the country of Canada today, as the emigrants caused many treaties and acts to be made such as the Constitutional Act and the Treaty of Paris. The development of Canada’s geography and mapping started from <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">the American Revolution <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">to form what Canada has become today.

<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The Loyalist immigrants wanted to have their own territory in Canada which is separated from the New France, and so the Constitutional Act was created for this purpose. The English and the French demanded to have different governments for their colonies, and so they divided Quebec into separate colonies. The French Canadians inhabited Lower Canada, which is along the Saint Lawrence River and Gaspé Peninsula, while the English settled in Upper Canada, which consisted of Anglophone Loyalists; its capital being York, which is in present-day Toronto.
 * <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">__Constitutional Act of 1791__ **

<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Besides Quebec, Nova Scotia also became a very important location for loyalist refugees who escaped to Canada from the bloody American Revolution. (Get the pun there? :D I know, I make lame jokes. T.T) In the maritime area, some of the English settled in the peninsula, Cape Breton, or the colony of Prince Edward Island. However, most of the emigrants moved to the area along the St. John River. The Loyalists <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">were not <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> content with the government <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> who <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">could not <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> keep up with them, because they were too far away. Therefore, they decided to have their new government and gave themselves the name of New Brunswick, separating from the area of Nova Scotia. This happened in 1784, the new province created by the Order-in-Council in Great Britain with its own governor and assembly.
 * <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">__New Brunswick__ __Was Formed__ **

<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The Treaty of Paris was the contract which officially ended the wars between Britain and America in the American Revolution. It also created the all important international border between America and British North America. This border is known as the International Boundary, and is the longest common border in the world. This led to the Jay Treaty which created [|International Boundary Commission], and was in charge of surveying and mapping the boundary later on for changes to what Canada's modern boundary is with the United States of America today.
 * __<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The Treaty of __<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">__Paris____, 1783__ **

The victory of the colonists in the American Revolution caused the British to govern over Canada since many English speaking people now settled there. New laws and governments were established in the country as the French, First Nations and the English tried to get along as much as possible.
 * <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">A CHANGE IN CANADA'S GOVERNMENT, CIVIL LAWS, AND RIGHTS: **



<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Through the Constitutional Act, the British and French colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada were given their own governments with an elected assembly, a governor, and two councils. The English province lived by English common law and an assembly, while the French were still able to keep the rights and freedom they earned from the Quebec Act.
 * __<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Constitutional Act of 1791 __**

<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Since there were now separate colonies in one country, the British gave both the New French and the English province in Canada the British Constitution to govern themselves, so that they wouldn’t try to create a violent radical revolution like the Americans did. This constitution wasn’t on a specific written work; it consisted of many documents and decisions and could also be changed at will whenever the Parliament wanted. This was good because whenever there are errors or problems within the constitution, they could always change it. The British Constitution states that Canada would be a constitutional monarchy (meaning that the monarch will still have some power), it has a responsible government, its parliament was supreme, the rule of law was established, more democracy, and gave more rights and freedom to the people (men). The British were able to learn from their mistakes from the American Revolution, as they gave the people more influence in the government, and this constitution basically makes up what Canada’s way of governing is today. The transition of Canada’s independence was much less bloody and more peaceful, one of the reasons why people called Canada one of the countries which symbolize peace.
 * __<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The British Constitution __**

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">New Brunswick used to be part of Nova Scotia. However, people living in New Brunswick were angry that the Halifax government <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">did not satisfy their needs quick enough and was too far away. They decided to create a new government, which separated New Brunswick from Nova Scotia.
 * __<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">New Government in New Brunswick __**

<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The Jay Treaty, which was also known as the British Treaty, Jay’s Treaty, or the Treaty of London, was a treaty which solved the many left over issues from the American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris. However, it did not only affect America. It also influenced Canada and this time not only the French or the British, but the First Nations as well, who are also a very important group of people in Canadian history. In the Jay Treaty, it was stated that the Natives, the Americans, and the Canadian subjects had the right to trade and travel between the United States and Canada. First Nations were allowed to enter the United States for work, study, retirement, investing, or immigration.
 * __<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">The Jay Treaty of 1794 __**

<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Loyalists from America were against the revolution, and most of them moved into Canada. <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Around <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">43, 000 people settled in the area which would become Ontario, and 8, 000 others went to Nova Scotia and other Maritime Colonies. Although they did not immediately unite together as one country yet, they were gradually creating a new nation, with th <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ree diffe <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">rent groups of people in one country: The English Loyalists, The French Canadians, and the First Nations. In fact, because of th <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">e American Revolution, it was to become the first nation in the world which was multicultural <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> yet was united under one government.
 * <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">THE <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTICULTURAL NATION: **

<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The emigration of the English caused by the American Revolution affected the bilingualism of Canada. The different races were able to eventually make both French and English the official languages of Canada, and so they are spoken and taught throughout the whole country.
 * <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__Language__ **

<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The emigration of the different races of people caused this country to have a ve <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ry unique culture. It is not entirely French, yet it is not entirely English, or any other specific culture. It is a mixture of many different culture <span style="color: #e47b0c; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">s <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> combined, yet there is still unity and harmony between this diversity in ethnic backgrounds, which is what creates what Canada truly is.
 * <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__Culture__ **

<span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">One of the descriptions Canadians are known to be is that they are not American, although it may seem strange and insignificant that this is an important characteristic. Through the American Revolution, the difference between British North America and the America was as great as ever, especially after the War of 1812 between the pro-British and the Americans. The English speaking settlers deeply distrusted the American way of government, and so this influenced the French Canadians there as well, causing the government of Canada to be very different from the Americans. The people of Canada became more loyal to the British, whilst the Americans became the opposite; creating this identity. Canada strong <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ly <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> states that they are a nation that is purely Canadian, and is not one bit American.
 * <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__Identity__ **

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The American Revolution had a long lasting effect on America and Canada, which shaped how the countries are today. The events ending the revolution lead to new changes in history, such as slave rebellions and women’s fight for independence and equal rights, thus leading to anti-racism and the rights of women. These new ideals inspired many others. The dispute between different territories formed new borders between the country, which are similar to the ones that border Canada and America today. Although both countries started around the same place and had British influence, they became very different countries. Canada is multi-cultural because of the mixture with French culture and English culture. The revolution paved way for two very distinct countries and culture.
 * <span style="color: #092095; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Conclusion of the Effects on Canada and the United States of America: **

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Thus, it came to the end of the revolution,

The almighty American Revolution created the start of a new nation and was a significant historical event by changing the world. The colonists who stood up and fought with all their heart, mind, and soul, in order to claim their right of <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> independence brought this great and violent revolution to take place. They revolted <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">against British rule <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">and the injustice that they realized was unfair to the colonies to gain what they wanted. Their victory was brought to them because of the differences in war tactics, inspirational ideas, and the difference in economics between the British and the Americans. The pro-revolutionists all had a common inspiring dream, goal, and desire during the violent wars and battles, however the British just wanted wealth, the power to rule over the colonists, <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">and to make the world <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">English <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">. These factors contribute to one fact, that what creates a revolution and its legacy is when a country is willing to advance into new ideas and views in order to change the vision of how life should be. <span style="color: #092095; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Although this revolution is specifically called the “American” Revolution, its effect did not only impact the United States of America. It also had a great influence over the origins of Canada, and changed history as we know it.

= = <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #0bbc0b; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;">[|http://www.kidport.com/reflib/usahistory/americanrevolution/lexingtonbattle.] [|htm] <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #0bbc0b; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;">[] Cranny, Michael, Crossroads- A Meeting of Nations <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #0bbc0b; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;">[]
 * References: **
 * Heidi- **

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 * Images: **

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/91513/Canada/42987/The-influence-of-the-American-Revolution http://www.britsattheirbest.com/freedom/f_british_constitution.htm http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=HomePage&Params=A1 <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #001dff; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;">[] <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #001dff; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;">[] http://www.canadafaq.ca/constitution+of+canada/ http://www.canadafaq.ca/when+did+canada+become+a+country http://www2.canadiana.ca/citm/themes/constitution/constitution7_e.html http://www.danielnpaul.com/AmericanBritishJayTreaty-1794.html http://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/R/RuleofLaw.aspx http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/federal/british.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9l8I7tNqdE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6tbOaaolNE&feature=player_embedded
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; background-position: 100% 50%; color: #092095; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;">Cherice - **
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; background-position: 100% 50%; color: #092095; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;">Websites: **

Cranny, Michael, Crossroads - A Meeting of Nations
 * Books: **


 * Images: **
 * http://www.hellasmultimedia.com/webimages/canadaday/canada_images_6.htm **
 * http://franceshunter.wordpress.com/page/7/ **

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[] <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[] <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[]
 * <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Vivian- **

<span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[] <span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">__ @http://www.consumerdebtuk.com/ __ <span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">__ @http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-photo-3972423-business-competition.php __ <span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">__ @http://nopolymon.blogspot.com/2010/04/editorial-cartoon-economic-slavery.html __
 * <span style="color: #ab1407; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Images: **

**Notes from class** **[]**
 * Benita- **

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 * [|http://www.btinternet.com/~glynhughes/squashed/locke.jpg] **